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Subsections:

Intersection Principles
Concepts for designing intersections that promote efficient mass mobility and safe transit access.

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Signals & Operations
Because delay at traffic signals often accounts for one-quarter to one-third of a transit route’s total trip time, it is important to consider settings and technology that optimize the performance of the system—ideally, to keep transit vehicles moving between stops.

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Transit Signal Progression
Transit signal progressions, a form of pre-timed or “passive” transit signal priority, are signal progressions (green waves) set to realistic travel speeds for on-street transit, often in the 12–20 mph range.

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Active Transit Signal Priority
Transit Signal Priority (TSP) tools modify traffic signal timing or phasing when transit vehicles are present either conditionally for late runs or unconditionally for all arriving transit.

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Short Signal Cycles
When transit has unpredictable dwell times, or where there is no coordinated signal progression, shortening signal cycle length can greatly reduce the time spent by transit vehicles waiting at red signals.

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Turn Restrictions
Prohibiting turns where they present issues, and shifting turn volume to the intersections where they can be best accommodated—with signal phases and turn lanes—can improve transit performance, general traffic performance, and walking and bicycling safety at the same time.

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Intersection Design for Transit
Making intersections efficient for transit operation and safe for people both inside and outside transit vehicles requires that a variety of design elements work well together: stop location and type, management of mixed-traffic turns, and bikeway location and design.

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Shared Transit/Right-Turn Lane
On streets with a right-side dedicated transit lane that accommodates a moderate volume of right-turn movements, the transit lane can permit right turns approaching an intersection.

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Right-Turn Pocket
Where right-turn volumes are high enough to interfere with transit operations but cannot be prohibited, providing a right-turn pocket to the right of the through transit lane reduces bus and streetcar delays.

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Dropped Transit Lane
On some narrow transit streets, mixed traffic is expected to use the transit lane both for right turns and to occasionally divert around vehicles waiting to turn left. Dropping the transit lane approaching an intersection can clarify which movements are

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Queue Jump Lanes
Queue jump lanes combine short dedicated transit facilities with either a leading bus interval or active signal priority to allow buses to easily enter traffic flow in a priority position. Queue jumps can reduce delay considerably, resulting in run-time savings

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Transit Approach Lane/Short Transit Lane
Short transit lanes on the approach to major intersections, sometimes paired with active signal priority, allow transit vehicles to bypass long queues that form at major cross streets.

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Virtual Transit Lane
Virtual right-turn lanes permit right turns only when a transit vehicle is not present. When a transit vehicle approaches, right turns are prohibited. Transit signals are triggered to allow transit vehicles to pass through the intersection.

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Bicycle Rail Crossings
With or without bike lanes, streetcar and light rail streets attract bicycle traffic. Making these streets safe for people using bikes is critical for preserving local destination access, and is often important for bike network connectivity.

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Transit Route Turns
While buses and light rail vehicles may require more, or dedicated, street space, thoughtful intersection design can yield more efficient transit service facing fewer conflicts.

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Turn Radii
At intersections, geometric decisions must balance efficient accommodation of transit turns with pedestrian safety. Curb radii should be designed as tightly as possibly to reduce pedestrian crossing distance without adversely affecting transit operations.

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Recessed Stop Line
Buses may face challenging turning geometries when routed through small intersections, especially when transit service is operated in the curbside lane. Pulling the stop bar back from the intersection allows large transit vehicles to use two lanes around tight curb

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Transit-Only Turns
Bus- or streetcar-only turn restrictions provide the safety and operational benefits of general motor vehicle turn prohibitions while permitting a critical bus movement.

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Dedicated Turn Channel
Unlike slip lanes, a dedicated turn channel is designed specifically for transit vehicles, and can be designated exclusively for their use, preventing excessive vehicle speeds.

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References